Description of TCP/IP Layer



Protocol functions as a rule that allows computers to communicate in a network. When two networks want to communicate, data will be entered into the package. Each data packet must pass through a specific protocol for communication to be established, each protocol has its own function. To facilitate the management of data packets, then the protocol is collected in one layer. In the previous article already discussed about 7 layer osi. Here will be explained about the TCP / IP layer.


Function of each Layer
A. Network Access Layer

This layer is the lowest layer on the TCP / IP layer. The functions of the protocols in this layer are :

  • Defines how to use the network to transmit frames, which are units of data passed through physical media.
  • The protocol on this layer must be able to translate electrical signals into digital data that computers understand, derived from other similar devices.
  • In this layer there are protocols such as Ethernet, Token Ring, PPP, FDDI, ATM, X.25, and SLIP.

B. Internet Layer


This layer is responsible for routing on the network. The protocols in this layer provide a network service datagram. Datagrams are information packets consisting of headers, data, and trailers. The header contains information, such as the destination address required by the network to route the datagram. A header can also contain other information such as the original address of the sender. The trailer is usually a checksum value used to ensure that data is not modified in transit. On this layer there is IP protocol (Internet Protocol) which serves to deliver data packets to the right address. ICMP, which provides control and messaging capabilities. ARP, which specifies the MAC address of the known IP address, as well as the RARP that specifies the IP address if known to the MAC address.


C. Transport Layer

The transport layer has two functions - flow control, provided by sliding windows; And reliability, provided by sequence number and acknoledgement. In the transport layer there are two protocols:
  • TCP, is a connection-oriented and reliable protocol. TCP will retransmit if data sent to the destination is not accepted and provide a virtual circuit between end-user applications. The advantage of TCP is the guarantee of delivering the packet to the destination.
  • UDP, is a protocol that is connectionless and unreliable; Although it is responsible for sending packets, there is no software that checks for segments sent. The advantage of this protocol is speed, because UDP does not provide acknoledgement.

D. Transport Layer

This layer is the top layer in TCP / IP. This layer provides functions for user applications. This layer provides the services required by user applications to communicate on the network. On this layer there are some protocols such as TFTP, FTP, NFS for file transfer. SMTP and POP3 as the email application protocol. Telnet and FTP as a remote login application. SNMP as a network management protocol. Then DNS, as the application system naming protocol on the internet. As well as HTTP, as a web application protocol.

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