Operating System for Noob
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| OS Overview |
Let me introduce a little bit some well-known OS which I have mentioned so it can broaden your knowledge :
Linux
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Image : Linux Logo
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Linux is a family of free and open-source software
operating systems worked around the Linux kernel. Linux was initially created
for PCs used as basis on the Intel x86 architecture, however it has since been
implemented to a larger number of platform than any other operating system. The
Linux kernel is a free and open-source rigid Unix-like computer operating
system kernel. The Linux family of operating systems depends on this kernel and
conveyed on both conventional computer systems, for example, PCs and servers;
and on different installed devices, for example, switches, routers, wireless
access point(AP), PBXes, NAS appliances, FTA receivers, smart TVs, PVRs, and
set-top boxes . The Android operating system for tablet computer, smartphones, and smartwatches utilizes
utility given by the Linux kernel to actualize its usefulness.
Windows
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Image : The legendary
Windows XP Logo
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Windows is a assembly of a few graphical operating system
families, which are all created, showcased, and sold by Microsoft. Every family
takes into account a specific area of the processing business. Including the
foremost graphical user interface (GUI) for IBM congruent PCs, the Windows OS
before long commanded the PC showcase. Around 90 percent of PCs run some form
of Windows. This is the reason why there are so many computer virus attack
windows PCs.
MacOS
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Image : MacOS Logo
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MacOS which
previously Mac OS X and later OS X is a series of graphical operating
systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. I’ll not dive into further for mac
although it is so famous. Because I’ll discuss it further in future post.
OpenVMS
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Image : OpenVMS’s
interface
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OpenVMS is not an open-source rather its is a registered
computer operating system for use all-purpose computing. The name VMS is gotten
from Virtual Memory System, as indicated by one of its main architecture
features. OpenVMS is a restrictive operating system, however source codes are
accessible to pay for.
IBMi
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Image : IBMi’s logo
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IBM i is an OS that runs on IBM Power Systems which is is
IBM's Power Architecture-based server line and on IBM PureSystems which is an IBM product line of factory
pre-configured components togather with servers. It was named OS/400 when it was
presented with the AS/400 line of PC systems in 1988, was later renamed to
i5/OS, and was renamed to IBM i in 2008 when the IBM Power Systems were
presented.
AIX
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Image : AIX’s logo
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AIX is the abbreviation for Advanced Interactive eXecutive.
AIX based on UNIX System V is a series of proprietary or registered Unix operating systems developed
and put up for sale by IBM for a few of its computer platforms
z/OS
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Image : z/OS’s
interface
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z/OS is a 64-bit operating system for IBM mainframes,
manufactured by IBM. It derives from OS/390, which in turn followed a string of
MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage) versions.
As I said before that an operating system is actually a
program that behave like an interface amidst the user and the computer hardware
also administers or controls the execution of all kinds of programs. Following
are some of important functions of an operating System :
Memory Management
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Memory
management alludes to management of Primary Memory or Main Memory. Primary
memory is a huge cluster of words or bytes where each word or byte has its
own location or address.
Primary
memory gives a quick storage that can be gotten to specifically by the
central processing unit (CPU). For a program to be executed, it should in the
primary memory.
The
memory manager executes virtual memory, gives a center arrangement of
functions, for example, memory mapped files, copy-on-write memory, massive
memory bolster, and fundamental bolster for cache manager.
In
Windows OS, every process on 32-bit has its own virtual address space that
enables having a tendency to up to 4 gigabytes of memory. On the other hand,
every process on 64-bit has a virtual
address space of 8 terabytes. All threads of a process can get to its virtual
address space. Nevertheless, threads can't get to memory that has a place with
another process, which shields a process from being corrupted by another
process.
Linux
memory management subsystem is mindful, as the name suggests, for dealing
with the memory in the framework. This incorporates implemnetation of virtual
memory and request paging, memory allocation both for kernel internal
structures and user space programms, mapping of documents into procedures
address space and numerous other sophisticated things.
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Process Management
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Operation
System must allot sources to program's processes or procedure, facilitate
procedures to share and interchange
data, keep safe the sources of each procedure from different procedures and
facilitate synchronization among procedures.
To
meet these stipulations, the Operation System must keep up a data composition
or structure for each procedure, which portrays the state and sources
responsibility for process, and which facilitate the operation system to
apply control over every procedure.
A
multiprogramming OS or Operation System which is performing various
tasks is a system that executing
numerous procedures simultaneously. Multiprogramming necessitates that the
processor be dispensed to each procedure for a timeframe and de-allotted at a
proper time.
In
the event that the processor is de-assigned amid the execution of a
procedure, it must be done so that it tends to be restarted later as
effectively as could reasonably be expected. Well all of explained above is
called scheduling.
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Device Management
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An
Operating System oversees device communication or connection to each others
by means of their separate drivers.
The
way toward controlling with the execution, functioning and maintenance of a
physical or virtual device is called Device Management. It is a term that
incorporates different administrative tools and procedures for the support
and upkeep of a computing , network or communication, mobile and additionally
virtual gadgets.
Devices
generally allude to physical gadgets, for example, personal computer (PC),
Laptop, servers, smart-phones and more. They could likewise be virtual,
nonetheless, for example, virtual machines or virtual switches. In Windows,
device management is additionally an administrative module that is utilized
for overseeing or arranging the physical devices, ports and interfaces of a
PC or server.
It
does the accompanying functioning for device management like below :
·
Keeps tracks all devices or peripheral devices
considered. Program in charge of this assignment is called I/O controller.
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Chooses which process gets the device when and for how
long.
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Assign the device in the orderly way.
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De-assigns devices.
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When you get new PC or laptop, OS will install device and
component-level-drivers and related program so you can use your keyboard,
touchpad, etc. Few of peripheral devices need it's driver installed manually
by user.
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Arranging a device so it executes the packaged OS,
business application and additionally with other equipment devices.
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Performing security standards and procedures.
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File Management
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A
File System is regularly sorted out into directories(in windows you call it
folders but in linux you call it directories) for simple navigation and use.
These directories may have records, files and different headings.
An
Operating System does the accompanying functioning for file management :
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Monitors data, area, utilizes, status and so forth are
frequently known as filesystem.
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Chooses who gets the sources.
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Assigns the sources.
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De-assigns the Sources.
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incorporates the way toward making, changing and erasing
files
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Security
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By methods
for password and comparable different method, it anticipates unapproved
access to softwares and information.
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